A gift to another age: Evaluating virtual machines for the preservation of video games at MoMA
This paper investigates the use of virtual machines for the preservation of video games. The study uses Rand and Robyn Miller’s classic adventure game ‘Myst’ (1993) as a sample record to evaluate the performance of four different emulation options for the Mac OS 9
operating system — SheepShaver, QEMU, Apple’s ‘Classic Environment’ and Yale University Library’s emulation-as-a-service-infrastructure platform. Serving as the control for the experiment, Myst is first documented running natively on an original PowerMac G4 and
iMac G3 at MoMA. The native performance is then compared with each emulation software. Finally, a fully configured virtual machine is packaged as a single file and tested in different contemporary computing environments. Due to both its performance and accessibility, SheepShaver is found to
be the optimal choice for Mac OS 9 emulation for the purposes of accessing classic Macintosh computer games. The paper concludes with a call for further research into the issue of emulator obsolescence. More generally, this project clarifies the risks and challenges that arise when using virtual
machines for the long-term preservation of computer and software-based art.